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Data provenancePermapeopleTreflePFAFPOWOreviewed 17 Oct 2026methodology → read

Ironwood

Bumelia tenax
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Bumelia tenax (Ironwood) — botanical photograph
Pl. 756F — Bumelia tenax
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Overview

Ironwood, scientifically known as Bumelia tenax, is a tree or shrub native to the southeastern United States, specifically found in Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This plant thrives in full sun and prefers moist soil that can be light (sandy), medium, or heavy (clay). It has a hardiness range of 8-11, making it suitable for various climates within its native range. Ironwood is known for its edible fruit, which can be eaten raw or used in various preparations. The fruit is typically consumed fresh but can also be dried for later use, adding a unique flavor to your garden's offerings. One distinctive feature of this species is its adaptability to different soil types, allowing it to grow in a variety of environments. While primarily valued for its ornamental use, Ironwood's fruit also contributes to its utility as a plant in gardens and landscapes.

Quick answers

What is Ironwood?

Ironwood, scientifically known as Bumelia tenax, is a tree or shrub native to the southeastern United States, specifically found in Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This plant thrives in full sun and prefers moist soil that can be light (sandy), medium, or heavy (clay).

Growingconditions · propagation · uses
V

Cultivation

Ironwood thrives in full sun and prefers moist soil that can be light (sandy), medium, or heavy (clay). It is hardy in zones 8-11 and grows to a height of 8 meters, making it suitable for both trees and shrubs. For optimal growth, ensure the soil remains consistently moist but avoid overwatering. Propagate Ironwood through seeds or cuttings. The fruit is edible, adding a unique flavor to your garden's offerings.
Light
Full sun
Water
Moist
Soil
Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay)
Hardiness
8-11
Habit
Tree, Shrub
Mature size
8.0 m tall
For first-time growers

How to grow Ironwood for the first time

8steps

Start with Ironwood by planting it in a sunny spot and providing basic care.

  1. 1

    What you'll need

    Ironwood saplings or seeds, garden gloves, trowel.

  2. 2

    Best time to plant

    Plant Ironwood in spring after the last frost.

  3. 3

    Soil and container prep

    Ensure soil is well-draining; amend with compost if necessary. For containers, use a mix of light, medium, and heavy soils.

  4. 4

    Sowing or transplanting

    Transplant saplings 1-2 meters apart in the garden. Sow seeds directly where you want them to grow.

  5. 5

    First two weeks

    Water regularly to keep soil moist but not waterlogged. Monitor for pests and diseases.

  6. 6

    Ongoing care

    Provide full sun, regular watering, especially in dry periods. Prune lightly to shape the tree.

  7. 7

    Harvest or pruning

    Prune Ironwood annually to maintain shape and remove dead branches. Fruit can be harvested when ripe.

  8. 8

    Common mistakes

    Overwatering, planting in heavy clay soil, neglecting regular pruning.

VI

Edible & utility

Edible parts:Fruit
Edible uses: Ironwood's fruit can be eaten raw or used in various preparations. The fruit is typically consumed fresh but can also be dried for later use. Skip processing details to maintain simplicity.
Other uses:Lumber
Contextrange · companions · related
VII

Distribution

4 native · 0 introduced
Distribution across1 continent· 4 native
Asia1 region
native (1)Georgia
Broader regions
native:Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina
IX

Specimen gallery

1 image
Bumelia tenax (Ironwood) — botanical photograph
Ironwood (Bumelia tenax)
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Explore further

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