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Watercress

Nasturtium microphyllumfam. Brassicaceae
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edibleperennialculinaryedibleedible leafnative asianative euperennial
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Nasturtium microphyllum (Watercress) — botanical photograph
Pl. 9775 — Nasturtium microphyllum
Nasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllumNasturtium microphyllum
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Overview

Watercress (Nasturtium microphyllum) is a perennial herb belonging to the Brassicaceae family, native to regions including Eritrea, Afghanistan, Austria, Belgium, and Czechoslovakia. This plant thrives in wet environments and can be found growing in light, medium, or heavy soils with a pH range of 6.4 to 8. Watercress is known for its edible leaves and seeds, which are commonly used in culinary applications due to their pungent flavor. It grows up to 0.5 meters tall and has multiple stems, making it an attractive addition to gardens or natural settings where it can flourish. Watercress thrives in environments with plenty of light but can tolerate partial shade. This perennial herb is hardy in zones 5-9 and is known for its ability to grow up to 0.5 meters tall. Its distinctive white flowers add a touch of elegance to the landscape, while its coarse foliage provides a unique texture. Watercress has been introduced into numerous regions including Afghanistan, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Morocco, Netherlands, New South Wales, Pakistan, Poland, South Australia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tasmania, Victoria, Yemen, and Yugoslavia. While it is primarily used as a condiment due to its pungent flavor, watercress can also be considered a potential weed in certain contexts.

Quick answers

What is Watercress?

Watercress (Nasturtium microphyllum) is a perennial herb belonging to the Brassicaceae family, native to regions including Eritrea, Afghanistan, Austria, Belgium, and Czechoslovakia. This plant thrives in wet environments and can be found growing in light, medium, or heavy soils with a pH range of 6.

Compare with:Clasping pepperweed→Flixweed→Hoary Cress→all comparisons →
Growingconditions · propagation · uses
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Cultivation

Watercress thrives in wet conditions and prefers light to heavy soils. It is a perennial herb that can grow up to 0.5 meters tall. The plant requires partial to full sunlight with an optimal light level of 8/10. For best results, maintain soil moisture levels and use a pH range between 6.4 and 8. Propagate through seeds or division. Hardy in zones 5-9, watercress is well-suited for temperate regions where it can be grown year-round if conditions are right.
Light
8/10
Water
Wet, Water
Soil
Light (sandy), Medium, Heavy (clay)
Hardiness
5-9
Life cycle
Perennial
Habit
Forb/herb
Mature size
0.5 m tall
Soil pH
6.4–8
Seasonal calendar
Northern hemisphere · UTC month is November
winterspringsummerautumnwinter
BloomJFMAMJJASOND
For first-time growers

How to grow Watercress for the first time

8steps

Start with a simple watercress planting to experience growing your own greens.

  1. 1

    What you'll need

    Seeds or young plants, containers or garden beds, potting soil if in containers.

  2. 2

    Best time to plant

    Plant in spring when temperatures are mild and there's no risk of frost.

  3. 3

    Soil and container prep

    Use a well-draining potting mix with a pH between 6.4 and 8, ensuring the soil is moist but not waterlogged.

  4. 4

    Sowing or transplanting

    Direct sow seeds in the garden or start them indoors and transplant when they have two sets of true leaves.

  5. 5

    First two weeks

    Keep the soil consistently moist, providing partial shade to prevent leaf burn. Monitor for pests like aphids.

  6. 6

    Ongoing care

    Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not soggy. Fertilize lightly with a balanced organic fertilizer every few months.

  7. 7

    Harvest or pruning

    Prune by cutting off the outer leaves, leaving inner growth to continue producing new leaves.

  8. 8

    Common mistakes

    Overwatering, not providing enough shade, using heavy soil that doesn't drain well, neglecting regular harvesting, and failing to control pests.

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Edible & utility

Edible parts:LeavesSeed
Edible uses: Condiment
Contextrange · companions · related
VII

Distribution

26 native · 59 introduced
Distribution across4 continents· 26 native· 59 introduced
Europe26 regions
native (13)AustriaBelgiumDenmarkFranceGermanyIrelandItalyNetherlandsPolandSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited Kingdom
introduced (13)AustriaBelgiumDenmarkFranceGermanyIrelandItalyNetherlandsPolandSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited Kingdom
Asia8 regions
native (4)AfghanistanIranPakistanYemen
introduced (4)AfghanistanIranPakistanYemen
Americas1 region
introduced (1)United States
Africa8 regions
native (3)EritreaEthiopiaMorocco
introduced (5)EthiopiaKenyaMoroccoSudanUganda
Broader regions
native:Czechoslovakia, New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Yugoslavia
introduced:Alabama, Argentina Northeast, British Columbia, Chile Central, Connecticut, Czechoslovakia, Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Manitoba, Marquesas, Masachusettes, Michigan, Minnesota, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, Newfoundland, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., South Australia, Tadzhikistan, Tasmania, Tuamotu, Vermont, Victoria, Wyoming, Yugoslavia, Zaïre
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Specimen gallery

1 image
Nasturtium microphyllum (Watercress) — botanical photograph
Watercress (Nasturtium microphyllum)
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See also

8 related
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Explore further

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