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Plants of Iraq

IQ · 33.22°, 43.68°

We catalogue 50 plants documented in Iraq 34 native and 16 introduced. Of these, 50 are edible and 16 have medicinal uses.

I

Native species

34

Species naturally occurring in Iraq — best adapted to local climate and soil.

Alhagi mannifera
Alhagi mannifera
Alhagi mannifera
Fabaceaeedible
Asphodel
Asphodel
Asphodelus albus
edible
Bistort
Bistort
Polygonum bistorta
ediblemedicinal
Black Mustard
Black Mustard
Brassica nigra
ediblemedicinal
Bugle
Bugle
Ajuga reptans
ediblemedicinal
Butterfly Orchid
Butterfly Orchid
Platanthera bifolia
edible
Charlock
Charlock
Sinapis arvensis
edible
Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis
ediblemedicinal
City goosefoot
City goosefoot
Chenopodium urbicum
edible
Common Star Thistle
Common Star Thistle
Centaurea calcitrapa
edible
Crataegus heterophylla
Crataegus heterophylla
Crataegus heterophylla
ediblemedicinal
Crown Imperial
Crown Imperial
Fritillaria imperialis
edible
Dog's Cabbage
Dog's Cabbage
Theligonum cynocrambe
edible
European wild pear
European wild pear
Pyrus pyraster
edible
Grapefruit
Grapefruit
Citrus x paradisi
Rutaceaeediblemedicinal
Hordeum intermedium
Hordeum intermedium
Hordeum intermedium
Poaceaeedible
Italian Corn Salad
Italian Corn Salad
Valerianella eriocarpa
edible
Jersey Cudweed
Jersey Cudweed
Gnaphalium luteoalbum
edible
Keeled-Fruited Cornsalad
Keeled-Fruited Cornsalad
Valerianella carinata
edible
Lentil
Lentil
Lens culinaris
Fabaceaeedible
Limonium thouinii
Limonium thouinii
Limonium thouinii
edible
Lord Anson's Pea
Lord Anson's Pea
Lathyrus nervosus
edible
Medlar
Medlar
Mespilus germanica
Rosaceaeedible
Mountain Rye
Mountain Rye
Secale strictum
Poaceaeedible
Pea
Pea
Pisum sativum
edible
Pygmy smartweed
Pygmy smartweed
Polygonum minus
Polygonaceaeediblemedicinal
Red Leg
Red Leg
Polygonum persicaria
Polygonaceaeediblemedicinal
River Beauty
River Beauty
Epilobium latifolium
edible
Rosa obtusifolia
Rosa obtusifolia
Rosa obtusifolia
ediblemedicinal
Sanzashi
Sanzashi
Crataegus cuneata
ediblemedicinal
Scorpiurus vermiculatus
Scorpiurus vermiculatus
Scorpiurus vermiculatus
edible
Scorzonera papposa
Scorzonera papposa
Scorzonera papposa
Asteraceaeedible
Shrubby Seablite
Shrubby Seablite
Suaeda fruticosa
edible
Spearmint
Spearmint
Mentha spicata
ediblemedicinal
II

Edible for food + foraging

50

Plants with edible parts documented in Iraq. Always identify positively before harvest.

Alhagi mannifera
Alhagi mannifera
Alhagi mannifera
Fabaceaeedible
Asphodel
Asphodel
Asphodelus albus
edible
Bistort
Bistort
Polygonum bistorta
ediblemedicinal
Black Mustard
Black Mustard
Brassica nigra
ediblemedicinal
Bugle
Bugle
Ajuga reptans
ediblemedicinal
Butterfly Orchid
Butterfly Orchid
Platanthera bifolia
edible
Charlock
Charlock
Sinapis arvensis
edible
Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis
ediblemedicinal
City goosefoot
City goosefoot
Chenopodium urbicum
edible
Common Star Thistle
Common Star Thistle
Centaurea calcitrapa
edible
Crataegus heterophylla
Crataegus heterophylla
Crataegus heterophylla
ediblemedicinal
Crown Imperial
Crown Imperial
Fritillaria imperialis
edible
Dog's Cabbage
Dog's Cabbage
Theligonum cynocrambe
edible
European wild pear
European wild pear
Pyrus pyraster
edible
Grapefruit
Grapefruit
Citrus x paradisi
Rutaceaeediblemedicinal
Hordeum intermedium
Hordeum intermedium
Hordeum intermedium
Poaceaeedible
Italian Corn Salad
Italian Corn Salad
Valerianella eriocarpa
edible
Jersey Cudweed
Jersey Cudweed
Gnaphalium luteoalbum
edible
Keeled-Fruited Cornsalad
Keeled-Fruited Cornsalad
Valerianella carinata
edible
Lentil
Lentil
Lens culinaris
Fabaceaeedible
Limonium thouinii
Limonium thouinii
Limonium thouinii
edible
Lord Anson's Pea
Lord Anson's Pea
Lathyrus nervosus
edible
Medlar
Medlar
Mespilus germanica
Rosaceaeedible
Mountain Rye
Mountain Rye
Secale strictum
Poaceaeedible
Pea
Pea
Pisum sativum
edible
Pygmy smartweed
Pygmy smartweed
Polygonum minus
Polygonaceaeediblemedicinal
Red Leg
Red Leg
Polygonum persicaria
Polygonaceaeediblemedicinal
River Beauty
River Beauty
Epilobium latifolium
edible
Rosa obtusifolia
Rosa obtusifolia
Rosa obtusifolia
ediblemedicinal
Sanzashi
Sanzashi
Crataegus cuneata
ediblemedicinal
Scorpiurus vermiculatus
Scorpiurus vermiculatus
Scorpiurus vermiculatus
edible
Scorzonera papposa
Scorzonera papposa
Scorzonera papposa
Asteraceaeedible
Shrubby Seablite
Shrubby Seablite
Suaeda fruticosa
edible
Spearmint
Spearmint
Mentha spicata
ediblemedicinal
Amaranthus campestris
Amaranthus campestris
Amaranthus campestris
edible
Amaranthus dubius
Amaranthus dubius
Amaranthus dubius
edible
Amaranthus graecizans
Amaranthus graecizans
Amaranthus graecizans
Amaranthaceaeediblemedicinal
Amaranthus polygamus
Amaranthus polygamus
Amaranthus polygamus
edible
Amaranthus polystachyus
Amaranthus polystachyus
Amaranthus polystachyus
edible
Amaranthus tenuifolius
Amaranthus tenuifolius
Amaranthus tenuifolius
Amaranthaceaeedible
Azarole
Azarole
Crataegus azarolus
Rosaceaeediblemedicinal
Barnyard Millet
Barnyard Millet
Echinochloa crus-galli
Poaceaeedible
Bird's Foot Trefoil
Bird's Foot Trefoil
Lotus corniculatus
edible
Bulbous Barley
Bulbous Barley
Hordeum bulbosum
Poaceaeedible
Bulbous Buttercup
Bulbous Buttercup
Ranunculus bulbosus
ediblemedicinal
Catmint
Catmint
Nepeta cataria
ediblemedicinal
Cheat Grass
Cheat Grass
Bromus tectorum
Poaceaeedible
Chenopodium virgatum
Chenopodium virgatum
Chenopodium virgatum
Chenopodiaceaeedible
Chinese Artichoke
Chinese Artichoke
Stachys affinis
Lamiaceaeediblemedicinal
Citrumelo
Citrumelo
Citroncirus
edible
III

Medicinal traditional + clinical

16

Species with documented medicinal applications. See individual plant profiles for evidence + safety.

Bistort
Bistort
Polygonum bistorta
ediblemedicinal
Black Mustard
Black Mustard
Brassica nigra
ediblemedicinal
Bugle
Bugle
Ajuga reptans
ediblemedicinal
Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis
ediblemedicinal
Crataegus heterophylla
Crataegus heterophylla
Crataegus heterophylla
ediblemedicinal
Grapefruit
Grapefruit
Citrus x paradisi
Rutaceaeediblemedicinal
Pygmy smartweed
Pygmy smartweed
Polygonum minus
Polygonaceaeediblemedicinal
Red Leg
Red Leg
Polygonum persicaria
Polygonaceaeediblemedicinal
Rosa obtusifolia
Rosa obtusifolia
Rosa obtusifolia
ediblemedicinal
Sanzashi
Sanzashi
Crataegus cuneata
ediblemedicinal
Spearmint
Spearmint
Mentha spicata
ediblemedicinal
Amaranthus graecizans
Amaranthus graecizans
Amaranthus graecizans
Amaranthaceaeediblemedicinal
Azarole
Azarole
Crataegus azarolus
Rosaceaeediblemedicinal
Bulbous Buttercup
Bulbous Buttercup
Ranunculus bulbosus
ediblemedicinal
Catmint
Catmint
Nepeta cataria
ediblemedicinal
Chinese Artichoke
Chinese Artichoke
Stachys affinis
Lamiaceaeediblemedicinal
IV

Introduced naturalized + cultivated

16

Non-native species established in Iraq. Some are valuable; some are invasive. Check each plant's notes.

Amaranthus campestris
Amaranthus campestris
Amaranthus campestris
edible
Amaranthus dubius
Amaranthus dubius
Amaranthus dubius
edible
Amaranthus graecizans
Amaranthus graecizans
Amaranthus graecizans
Amaranthaceaeediblemedicinal
Amaranthus polygamus
Amaranthus polygamus
Amaranthus polygamus
edible
Amaranthus polystachyus
Amaranthus polystachyus
Amaranthus polystachyus
edible
Amaranthus tenuifolius
Amaranthus tenuifolius
Amaranthus tenuifolius
Amaranthaceaeedible
Azarole
Azarole
Crataegus azarolus
Rosaceaeediblemedicinal
Barnyard Millet
Barnyard Millet
Echinochloa crus-galli
Poaceaeedible
Bird's Foot Trefoil
Bird's Foot Trefoil
Lotus corniculatus
edible
Bulbous Barley
Bulbous Barley
Hordeum bulbosum
Poaceaeedible
Bulbous Buttercup
Bulbous Buttercup
Ranunculus bulbosus
ediblemedicinal
Catmint
Catmint
Nepeta cataria
ediblemedicinal
Cheat Grass
Cheat Grass
Bromus tectorum
Poaceaeedible
Chenopodium virgatum
Chenopodium virgatum
Chenopodium virgatum
Chenopodiaceaeedible
Chinese Artichoke
Chinese Artichoke
Stachys affinis
Lamiaceaeediblemedicinal
Citrumelo
Citrumelo
Citroncirus
edible
V

Frequently asked

How many plants are documented in Iraq?

50 speciess — 34 native and 16 introduced. Of these, 50 are edible and 16 have medicinal uses.

What edible plants grow wild in Iraq?

Common edible species include Alhagi mannifera, Asphodel, Bistort, Black Mustard, Bugle. See the Edible section above for the full list.

What medicinal plants grow in Iraq?

16 medicinal plants catalogued for Iraq, including Bistort, Black Mustard, Bugle, Citrus sinensis, Crataegus heterophylla.

How is "native" vs "introduced" determined?

Status comes from TDWG botanical regions via Trefle. Native = naturally occurring there; introduced = brought in by humans, sometimes invasive. Both can be useful, but native species are typically the best fit for local conditions.

VI

Other asia

Georgia
GE
Turkey
TR
United Arab Emirates
AE
Afghanistan
AF
Armenia
AM
Azerbaijan
AZ
Bangladesh
BD
Bahrain
BH
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